Transmission device, transmission system, and transmission method

ABSTRACT

A transmission device includes a wavelength multiplexer that wavelength-multiplexes a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths to generate a wavelength-multiplexed optical signal, an amplifier that outputs the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal to a transmission path, and a first processor that allocates wavelength bands to the plurality of optical signals to be wavelength-multiplexed into the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal and controls power of the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal in accordance with the wavelength bands allocated to the plurality of optical signals.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority of theprior Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-156676, filed on Aug. 23,2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The embodiments discussed herein are related to a transmission device, atransmission system, and a transmission method.

BACKGROUND

Nodes on a route with a long transmission distance in a network areequipped with 3R regenerators which have re-amplification, reshaping andretiming (3R) functions. The 3R regenerator once converts an opticalsignal to an electrical signal and then converts the electrical signalback to the optical signal, thus generating the optical signal, whichallows the transmission distance to be extended.

On the other hand, it has been studied to achieve long-distancetransmission of large-volume data, using not 3R regenerators but atransmitter and a receiver that are capable of selecting the modulationscheme and the baud rate of signals. International Publication PamphletNo. WO 2011/030897 discusses selecting a combination of a modulationlevel of a multi-level modulation of a modulation format and a symbolrate for transmitting an optical path.

Related techniques are disclosed in, for example, InternationalPublication Pamphlet No. WO 2011/030897 and the like.

For example, if a modulation scheme with a high modulation level, suchas 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), is selected, thetransmission capacity increases but the optical signal-to-noise ratio(OSNR) tolerance decreases, which in turn shortens the transmissiondistance. For this reason, it is conceivable to increase the baud rateto achieve a desired transmission capacity.

However, in the case where the baud rate is increased, there is apossibility that the reception performance of the receiver fails to keepup with the increase in baud rate, lowering the OSNR tolerance, thoughless influential than the case of increasing the modulation level.

In view of these, it is desirable to provide a transmission device, atransmission system, and a transmission method that are capable ofimproving the OSNR tolerance.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the embodiments, a transmission deviceincludes a wavelength multiplexer that wavelength-multiplexes aplurality of optical signals having different wavelengths to generate awavelength-multiplexed optical signal, an amplifier that outputs thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal to a transmission path, and afirst processor that allocates wavelength bands to the plurality ofoptical signals to be wavelength-multiplexed into thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal and controls power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal in accordance with the wavelengthbands allocated to the plurality of optical signals.

The object and advantages of the invention will be realized and attainedby means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out inthe claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and arenot restrictive of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of atransmission system;

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of atransmitter;

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a receiver;

FIG. 4A is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of atransmission unit;

FIG. 4B is a graph illustrating an example of a relation betweenbandwidth and power;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of an optical spectrum of awavelength-multiplexed optical signal for each of bandwidths of opticalsignals;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an optical spectrum thepower of which changes in accordance with a bandwidth;

FIG. 7A is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of apost-amplifier;

FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating an example of a relation betweenbandwidth and power;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of power control on a routeof an optical signal between a start node and an end node;

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a networkmanagement device;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing by thenetwork management device;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process ofcalculating an OSNR margin;

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of determination on acondition on a transmission quality based on the OSNR margin;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing by areconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM);

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of change in transmissiondistance relative to a transmission rate of an optical signal;

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of changes in transmissiondistance and number of wavelengths relative to a baud rate of an opticalsignal in the case where the transmission rate is fixed to 200 (Gbps);and

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of changes in transmissiondistance and number of wavelengths relative to a baud rate of an opticalsignal in the case where the transmission rate is fixed to 400 (Gbps).

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of atransmission system. The transmission system includes a plurality ofnodes #1 to # N (N is a positive integer). Although in this example, thenodes #1 to # N are connected in series via transmission paths 9 such asoptical fibers, the configuration is not limited to this and the nodes#1 to # N may be connected in a mesh fashion.

Each of the nodes #1 to # N is equipped with a ROADM 1, which is anexample of a transmission device. The ROADM 1 transmits awavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm in which a plurality of opticalsignals having different wavelengths are wavelength-multiplexed. Amongthe nodes #1 to # N, an inline-amplifier (ILA) 3 which amplifies thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm may be disposed.

The ROADM 1 includes a transmission unit 10, a transmitter (Tx) 11, anda receiver (Rx) 12. In the case where an optical signal So istransmitted from the node #1 to the node # N, the transmitter 11 at thestart node #1 transmits the optical signal So to the transmission unit10, and the transmission unit 10 wavelength-multiplexes the opticalsignal So into the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm and outputsthe resultant signal to the transmission path 9. Thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm is inputted to the relay node#2.

At the relay node #2, the transmission unit 10 wavelength-multiplexesthe optical signal So contained in the wavelength-multiplexed opticalsignal Sm from the node #1 into the wavelength-multiplexed opticalsignal Sm again and outputs the resultant signal to the transmissionpath 9. The wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm is amplified whilepassing through the inline-amplifier 3 and is inputted to the end node #N. At the end node # N, the transmission unit 10 demultiplexes theoptical signal So from the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm andoutputs the optical signal So to the receiver 12, and the receiver 12receives the optical signal So.

In this way, the ROADM 1 at the start node #1 adds the optical signalSo, the ROADM 1 at the relay node #2 passes the optical signal Sothrough, and the ROADM 1 at the end node # N drops the optical signalSo.

A network management device 8 is an example of a management device andmanages the ROADMs 1 of the nodes #1 to # N by communicating with theROADMs 1 through a local area network (LAN) or the like. The networkmanagement device 8 may be a network element (NE)—operation system(OpS), for example.

The network management device 8 sets the bandwidth of the optical signalSo and switch information in the transmission unit 10 as indicated bythe dotted arrow. The transmission unit 10 sets the bandwidth in awavelength filter of a wavelength selective switch (WSS) whichwavelength-multiplexes the optical signal So, and sets the wavelengthselective switch so as to add, drop, or pass through the optical signalSo depending on the switch information.

The network management device 8 sets the modulation scheme and the baudrate of the optical signal So in the transmitter 11 and the receiver 12as indicated by the dashed-dotted arrow. The transmitter 11 and thereceiver 12 transmit and receive the optical signal So in accordancewith the modulation scheme and the baud rate.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of thetransmitter 11. The transmitter 11 includes a setting section 110, amemory 111, a digital signal processor (DSP) 112, a digital-to-analogconverter (DAC) 113, a driver 114, an optical modulator 115, and a laserdiode (LD) 116.

The DSP 112 processes data signal inputted from a client network. Thedata signal may be, but is not limited to, an Ethernet (RegisteredTrademark, the same applies below) signal, for example.

The setting section 110 is, for example, a processor such as a centralprocessing unit (CPU), and receives information on the modulation schemeand the baud rate of the optical signal So from the network managementdevice 8 and stores the information in the memory 111. The settingsection 110 sets the modulation scheme and the baud rate in the DSP 112.

The DSP 112 modulates the data signal in accordance with the setmodulation scheme. The modulation scheme may be, for example, any ofmulti-level modulation schemes having different modulation levels suchas Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 8QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM.The DSP 112 generates an electric field signal by mapping the datasignal to a symbol according to the modulation scheme and outputs theelectric field signal to the DAC 113 at the set baud rate.

The DAC 113 converts the electric field signal from the digital signalto the analog signal and outputs the resultant signal to the driver 114.The driver 114 is, for example, an amplifier, and adjust the voltage ofthe electric field signal to an appropriate level and outputs theelectric field signal to the optical modulator 115.

The optical modulator 115 is, for example, a Mach-Zehnder modulator andoptically modulates transmitted light inputted from the laser diode 116based on the electric field signal. In this way, the optical modulator115 generates the optical signal So and outputs the optical signal So tothe transmission unit 10.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of thereceiver 12. The receiver 12 includes a setting section 120, a memory121, a DSP 122, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 123, a front-endsection 124, and a laser diode 125.

The optical signal So is inputted from the transmission unit 10 to thefront-end section 124. The front-end section 124 includes a 90-degreeoptical hybrid, a photo detector (PD), and the like and generates anelectric field signal from the optical signal So based on a localoscillator light inputted from the laser diode 125. The front-endsection 124 outputs the electric field signal to the ADC 123. The ADC123 converts the electric field signal from the analog signal to thedigital signal and outputs the resultant signal to the DSP 122.

The setting section 120 is, for example, a processor such as a CPU, andreceives information on the modulation scheme and the baud rate of theoptical signal So from the network management device 8 and stores theinformation in the memory 121. The setting section 120 sets themodulation scheme and the baud rate in the DSP 122.

The DSP 122 receives the electric field signal at the set baud rate andmodulates the electric field signal in accordance with the setmodulation scheme. In this way, the DSP 122 regenerates the data signaland outputs the data signal to the client network.

FIG. 4A is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of thetransmission unit 10. The transmission unit 10 includes a WSS section100, a pre-amplifier 101, a post-amplifier 102, a splitter 103, anoptical channel monitor (OCM) 104, a WSS control section 105, and amemory 106.

The pre-amplifier 101 amplifies the wavelength-multiplexed opticalsignal Sm at the stage before the WSS section 100. Thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm is inputted from thepre-amplifier 101 to the WSS section 100.

The WSS section 100 includes: a wavelength demultiplexer 20; a branchswitch (SW) 21, an insertion switch (SW) 22, and a variable opticalattenuator (VOA) 23 for each of channels CH #1 to CH # m (m is apositive integer) in the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm; and awavelength multiplexer 24.

The wavelength demultiplexer 20 is, for example, an arrayed waveguideand demultiplexes the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm intooptical signals of the respective channels CH #1 to CH # m. The opticalsignals of the respective channels CH #1 to CH # m have differentwavelengths. The optical signals of the respective channels CH #1 to CH# m are inputted to the branch switches 21, respectively.

Each branch switch 21 is an optical switch and selects the outputdestination of an optical signal from the insertion switch 22 and thereceiver 12 in accordance with the setting from the WSS control section105. The branch switch 21 outputs an optical signal to be dropped to thereceiver 12 and outputs an optical signal to be passed through to theinsertion switch 22.

Each insertion switch 22 is an optical switch and selects the inputsource of an optical signal from the transmitter 11 and the branchswitch 21 in accordance with the setting from the WSS control section105. In the case where an optical signal to be passed through isinputted from the branch switch 21 at the former stage, or in the casewhere an optical signal to be added is inputted from the transmitter 11,the insertion switch 22 outputs an optical signal to the VOA 23.

The WSS control section 105 includes a processor such as a CPU, forexample. The WSS control section 105 controls the branch switch 21 andthe insertion switch 22 based on the switch information acquired fromthe network management device 8. The switch information indicates theoutput destination of the branch switch 21 and the input source of theinsertion switch 22 according to whether an optical signal is to beadded, dropped, or passed through for each of the channels CH #1 to CH #m.

The VOA 23 is an example of an attenuator and attenuates a correspondingone of optical signals of the respective channels CH #1 to CH # m, whichare to be wavelength-multiplexed into the wavelength-multiplexed opticalsignal Sm. Each VOA 23 attenuates an optical signal based on an amountof attenuation set by the WSS control section 105, for example. In thisway, the VOA 23 controls the power of the wavelength-multiplexed opticalsignal Sm to be outputted from the post-amplifier 102 to thetransmission path 9. The attenuated optical signal is inputted to thewavelength multiplexer 24.

The wavelength multiplexer 24 wavelength-multiplexes an optical signalfrom each VOA 23 by means of an arrayed waveguide, for example. In thisway, the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm is generated. The WSSsection 100 is an example of a generating section that generates thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm.

The wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm is inputted from thewavelength multiplexer 24 to the splitter 103, and is separated andinputted from the splitter 103 to the OCM 104 and the post-amplifier102. The splitter 103 may be, for example, an optical splitter. The OCM104 detects the power of the optical signal for each of the channels CH#1 to CH # m and notifies the WSS control section 105 of the detectedpower. The WSS control section 105 controls the amount of attenuation ofeach VOA 23 such that the power of the optical signal approximates atarget value.

The post-amplifier 102 is an example of an output section, and amplifiesthe wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm and outputs thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm to the transmission path 9. Theupper limit for the power of the wavelength-multiplexed optical signalSm to be outputted from the post-amplifier 102 depends on the number ofsignals to be multiplexed into the wavelength-multiplexed optical signalSm.

The wavelength multiplexer 24 also has a function of a wavelength filterfor optical signals of the respective channels CH #1 to CH # m.

The wavelength multiplexer 24 includes a liquid crystal on silicon(LCOS), for example, and is thus capable of changing the passband of anoptical signal. The LCOS has an electrode layer, a liquid crystal layer,and the like formed on a silicon substrate, in which a refractive indexdistribution is formed according to an applied voltage for each regionof a reflection surface which reflect an optical signal.

The reflection characteristics of the LCOS are determined based on therefractive index distributions in the reflection surface and affect thewidth of the band in which an optical signal passes. Hence, the LCOSfunctions as a wavelength filter capable of controlling the passband ofan optical signal in pixel (slot) unit.

The WSS control section 105 sets the bandwidth BWi of the wavelengthband of each optical signal as the passband of the wavelength filter. Inthis way, the WSS control section 105 allocates the wavelength band toeach of the optical signals of the respective channels CH #1 to CH # m,which are wavelength-multiplexed into the wavelength-multiplexed opticalsignal Sm. The number of signals allowed to be wavelength-multiplexedinto the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm is determined based onthe bandwidths BWi.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of an optical spectrum ofthe wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm for each of bandwidths BWxand BWy of optical signals. In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis representsfrequency (GHz), that is, wavelength (nm) and the vertical axisrepresents power (dBm).

Sign Ga represents the optical spectrum in the case of the bandwidthBWx. The number of signals (the number of channels) x (x is a positiveinteger, x≤m) to be wavelength-multiplexed into thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm is determined based on theratio between the entire bandwidth BWo and the bandwidth BWx.

Sign Gb represents the optical spectrum in the case of the bandwidthBWy. The number of signals y (y is a positive integer, y≤m) to bewavelength-multiplexed into the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Smis determined based on the ratio between the entire bandwidth BWo andthe bandwidth BWy. Since the bandwidth BWy is larger than theabove-described bandwidth BWx, the number of signals y is smaller thanthe number of signals x in the case of the bandwidth BWx.

As described above, since the larger the bandwidth BWx, BWy, the smallerthe number of signals x, y, it is possible to increase the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm to be outputted from thepost-amplifier 102. Since the bandwidth BWx, BWy is set larger as thebaud rate of the optical signal is higher, it is possible to maintain asufficient transmission capacity with a high baud rate, and also toimprove the OSNR tolerance by increasing the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm in accordance with thebandwidth BWx, BWy. Note that in this specification, the OSNR isdescribed with the resolution set to 0.1 (mm).

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an optical spectrum thepower of which changes in accordance with the bandwidth BWi. Thebandwidth BWi may be, for example, 50 (GHz), 62.5 (GHz), 75 (GHz), 100(GHz), or 150 (GHz). These bandwidths BWi correspond to 33 (Gbaud), 44(Gbaud), 66 (Gbaud), 88 (Gbaud), and 132 (Gbaud), respectively.

The power of each optical signal wavelength-multiplexed into thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm is controlled such that thelarger the bandwidth BWi, the higher the power. As an example, thestandard power corresponding to a standard bandwidth of 12.5 (GHz) isspecified to be −6 (dBm), and the power of the optical signal iscalculated from the standard power and the ratio between the standardbandwidth and the bandwidth BWi (hereinafter, referred to as “bandratio”). For example, in the case where the bandwidth BWi is 150 (GHz),the power of the optical signal is controlled to be +4.8 (dBm) while inthe case where the bandwidth BWi is 50 (GHz), the power of the opticalsignal is controlled to be 0 (dBm).

Hence, in the case where the baud rate is set to be high so as toincrease the transmission capacity for optical signals, the bandwidthBWi is also set to be large in accordance with the baud rate, so thatthe power is increased and the OSNR tolerance is improved.

By specifying the standard bandwidth and the standard power, it is alsopossible to limit the maximum power of the wavelength-multiplexedoptical signal Sm to be inputted to the post-amplifier 102 and themaximum power of the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm to beoutputted from the post-amplifier 102 in accordance with the performanceof the post-amplifier 102. In this example, the standard bandwidth andthe standard power are specified on the assumption that the amount ofpower amplification of the post-amplifier 102 is 19.8 (dBm) and theamplification band (gain level band) is 4800 (GHz). The same applies tothe pre-amplifier 101 and the inline-amplifier 3.

Referring to FIG. 4A again, the WSS control section 105 is an example ofa first control section and controls the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm in accordance with thewavelength bands allocated to the optical signals of the respectivechannels CH #1 to CH # m. For example, the WSS control section 105acquires the power Pt corresponding to the bandwidth BWi for each of thechannels CH #1 to CH # m set from the network management device 8 from apower database (DB) 106 a stored in the memory 106. Although the memory106 is an example of a first storage section, the first storage sectionis not limited to the memory 106 but may be, for example, anotherstorage such as a hard disk drive.

In the power DB 106 a, the bandwidth BWi and the power Pt are registeredin association with each other. The power Pt is a target value for thepower of the optical signal outputted from the VOA 23. The power DB 106a is generated for each ROADM 1 by the network management device 8, forexample.

The WSS control section 105 acquires the bandwidth BWi for each of thechannels CH #1 to CH # m from the network management device 8 and setsthe bandwidth BWi in the wavelength multiplexer 24. The WSS controlsection 105 acquires the power Pt corresponding to the bandwidth BWifrom the power DB 106 a. For example, in the case where the bandwidthBWi is 100 (GHz), −17.0 (dBm) is acquired as the power Pt.

The WSS control section 105 may calculate the powers Pt by the followingmethod without using the power DB 106 a.

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of a relation between thebandwidth BWi and the power Pt. The relation between the bandwidth BWiand the power Pt is based on the content of the power DB 106 a. The unitof the power Pt is expressed by mW.

The power Pt of the optical signal increases in proportion to thecorresponding bandwidth BWi. For this reason, the WSS control section105 is capable of calculating the power Pt from the bandwidth BWi basedon the proportional relation.

In this way, the WSS control section 105 controls amount of attenuationof each VOA 23 such that the power Pt of the optical signal outputtedfrom each VOA 23 increases in proportion to the bandwidth BWi allocatedto the optical signal. For this reason, the WSS control section 105 iscapable of controlling the power Pt of the optical signal without usingthe power DB 106 a.

The WSS control section 105 controls the amount of attenuation of eachVOA 23 such that the power of the optical signal provided from the OCM104 approximates the power Pt acquired from the power DB 106 a. In thisway, the power of the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm to beinputted to the post-amplifier 102 is controlled in accordance with thebandwidth BWi for each of the channels CH #1 to CH # m. Note that thebandwidths BWi for the respective channels CH #1 to CH # m may bedifferent or may be the same.

In this way, the WSS control section 105 controls the amount ofattenuation of the VOA 23 in accordance with the bandwidth BWi allocatedto the optical signal of each of the channels CH #1 to CH # m. Hence,the WSS control section 105 is capable of individually controlling thepower of the optical signal for each of the channels CH #1 to CH # m.

Since the WSS control section 105 acquires the powers Pt based on thecorrespondence relation between the bandwidth BWi and the power Ptstored in the memory 106, it is possible to omit the process ofcalculating the powers Pt. Nonetheless, the WSS control section 105 isnot limited to this, and may calculate the powers Pt as described below.

Pt=Pr+10 log₁₀(BWi/BWr)  (1)

The WSS control section 105 may calculate the powers Pt in accordancewith the above formula (1). Here, the variable Pr is, for example, −26(dBm) obtained by subtracting 20 (dB), which is the amplification gainof the post-amplifier 102, from −6 (dBm) of the standard power, and thevariable BWr is, for example, 12.5 (GHz) of the standard bandwidth. Thevariables Pr and BWr are stored in the memory 106.

The post-amplifier 102 may control the gain such that the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm to be outputted to thetransmission path 9 becomes the target value.

FIG. 7A is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of thepost-amplifier 102. The post-amplifier 102 includes an opticalamplification section 300, splitters 301 a and 301 b, photodetectors(PDs) 302 a and 302 b, an amplifier control section 309, and a memory307.

The splitter 301 a splits the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Smand guides the split parts to the PD 302 a and the optical amplificationsection 300. The optical amplification section 300 is an example of anamplification section, and includes a light source for excitation light,an erbium-doped fiber, and the like and amplifies thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm with the excitation light. Theamplified wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm is inputted to thesplitter 301 b.

The PD 302 a electrically detects the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm to be inputted to the opticalamplification section 300 and notifies a gain adjustment section 303 anda gain determination section 304 of the detected power. The PD 302 belectrically detects the power of the wavelength-multiplexed opticalsignal Sm outputted from the optical amplification section 300 andnotifies the gain adjustment section 303 of the detected power.

The amplifier control section 309 includes the gain adjustment section303, the gain determination section 304, a power determination section305, and a power acquisition section 306. The amplifier control section309 is configured of a processor such as a CPU or hardware such as afield-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specificintegrated circuit (ASIC).

The amplifier control section 309 is an example of a second controlsection and controls the gain of the optical amplification section 300in accordance with the bandwidth BWi allocated to the optical signal ofeach of the channels CH #1 to CH # m. Since the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm is controlled also in thepost-amplifier 102 in addition to the control of the power of eachoptical signal in the VOA 23 at the input side of the post-amplifier102, it is possible to improve the precision of the control.

The power acquisition section 306 acquires the power Pout of the opticalsignal from the bandwidth BWi acquired from the network managementdevice 8 based on a power DB 307 a stored in the memory 307. In thepower DB 307 a, the bandwidth BWi and the power Pout are registered inassociation with each other. The power DB 307 a is generated for eachROADM 1 by the network management device 8, for example. Note that thememory 307 is an example of a second storage section.

The power acquisition section 306 acquires, from the power DB 307 a, thepower Pout corresponding to the bandwidth BWi for each of the channelsCH #1 to CH # m and outputs the power Pout to the power determinationsection 305. The power Pout is a target value for the power of theoptical signal outputted from the post-amplifier 102. The powerdetermination section 305 determines the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm from the powers Pout of therespective channels CH #1 to CH # m.

The power determination section 305 determines the total sum of thepowers Pout of the respective channels CH #1 to CH # m as the power ofthe wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm, for example. For thisreason, in the case where the bandwidths BWi of the respective channelsCH #1 to CH # m are the same, for example, the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm takes a value obtained bymultiplying the power Pout of each optical signal by the number ofchannels (the number of wavelengths). The power determination section305 notifies the gain determination section 304 of the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm.

The gain determination section 304 determines the target value of thegain of the optical amplification section 300, for example, based on theratio of powers provided by the PD 302 a and the power determinationsection 305, and the like, and notifies the gain adjustment section 303of the target value. The gain adjustment section 303, for example,adjusts the gain of the optical amplification section 300 based on thepowers provided respectively by the PDs 302 a and 302 b as well as thetarget value for the gain provided by the gain determination section304. In this way, the power of the wavelength-multiplexed optical signalSm to be outputted from the optical amplification section 300 iscontrolled to a value corresponding to the bandwidths BWi.

In this way, the amplifier control section 309 acquires, from the powerDB 307 a, the powers Pout corresponding to the wavelength bandsallocated to the optical signals of the respective channels CH #1 to CH# m and controls the gain of the optical amplification section 300 suchthat the power of the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Smapproximates the total sum of the powers Pout. Since the amplifiercontrol section 309 acquires the powers Pout based on the correspondencerelation between the bandwidth BWi and the power Pout stored in thememory 307, it is possible to omit the process of calculating the powersPout. Nonetheless, the amplifier control section 309 is not limited tothis, and may calculate the powers Pout as described below.

Pout=Pr′+10 log₁₀(BWi/BWr)  (2)

The amplifier control section 309 may calculate the powers Pout inaccordance with the above formula (2). Here, the variable Pr′ is, forexample, −6 (dBm) of the standard power and the variable BWr is, forexample, 12.5 (GHz) of the standard bandwidth. The variables Pr′ and BWrare stored in the memory 307.

The amplifier control section 309 is not limited to the above-describedcalculation method but may calculate the power Pout from the bandwidthBWi as described below.

FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating an example of a relation between thebandwidth BWi and the power Pout. The relation between the bandwidth BWiand the power Pout is based on the content of the power DB 307 a. Theunit of the power Pout for each channel is expressed by mW/ch.

The power Pout of the optical signal increases in proportion to thecorresponding bandwidth BWi. For this reason, the amplifier controlsection 309 is capable of calculating the power Pout from the bandwidthBWi based on the proportional relation.

In this way, the amplifier control section 309 controls the gain of theoptical amplification section 300 such that the power of the opticalsignal contained in the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm to beoutputted from the optical amplification section 300 increases inproportion to the bandwidth BWi allocated to the optical signal. Forthis reason, the amplifier control section 309 is capable of controllingthe power Pout of the optical signal without using the power DB 307 a.

As described above, since the post-amplifier 102 controls the power ofthe wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm in accordance with thebandwidth BWi of each of the channels CH #1 to CH # m, control with highprecision becomes possible. Such control of the gain may be implementedwith the same configuration as described above also in the pre-amplifier101 and the inline-amplifier 3.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of power control on a routeof an optical signal between a start node and an end node. FIG. 8illustrates only the configuration on the route of the optical signal ineach of the ROADMs 1 at the start node and the end node. It is assumedthat in this example, the power loss of an optical signal in thetransmission path 9 connecting the start node and the end node is 30(dB).

Sign Gc indicates the target value P1 for the power of the opticalsignal between the WSS section 100 and the post-amplifier 102 and thetarget value P2 for the power of the optical signal between thepost-amplifier 102 and the transmission path 9 for each bandwidth BWi atthe start node. The target value P2 for the power at the output side ofthe post-amplifier 102 takes a value obtained by increasing the targetvalue P1 for the power at the input side of the post-amplifier 102 by 20(dB).

The WSS control section 105 controls the amount of attenuation of theVOA 23 in each of the channels CH #1 to CH # m such that the power ofthe optical signal approximates the target value P1. The amplifiercontrol section 309 controls the gain of the optical amplificationsection 300 such that the power of the wavelength-multiplexed opticalsignal Sm approximates the total sum of the target values P2 of theentire channels CH #1 to CH # m.

Sign Gd indicates the target value P3 for the power of the opticalsignal between the transmission path 9 and the pre-amplifier 101, thetarget value P4 for the power of the optical signal between thepre-amplifier 101 and the WSS section 100, and the target value P5 forthe power of the optical signal to be outputted from the WSS section 100to the latter stage for each bandwidth BWi at the end node. The targetvalue P3 for the power at the input side of the pre-amplifier 101 take avalue obtained by reducing the target value P2 for the power at theoutput side of the post-amplifier 102 at the start node by 30 (dBm) ofthe power loss in the transmission path 9.

The pre-amplifier 101 amplifies the optical signal so as to compensatefor the power loss in the transmission path 9. For this reason, thetarget value P4 for the power at the output side of the pre-amplifier101 takes a value obtained by increasing the target value P3 for thepower at the input side of the pre-amplifier 101 by 30 (dB). In thepre-amplifier 101, the amplifier control section 309 controls the gainof the optical amplification section 300 such that the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm approximates the total sum ofthe target values P4 of the entire channels CH #1 to CH # m. The targetvalue P5 for the power at the output side of the WSS section 100 is thesame as the target value P1 for the power at the output side of the WSSsection 100 at the start node. although in this example, the outputpowers of the post-amplifier 102 and the pre-amplifier 101 are the sameas an example, these output powers may be different.

As described above, each ROADM 1 performs power control in the WSSsection 100, the post-amplifier 102, and the pre-amplifier 101 on theroute of the optical signal. In the case where the inline-amplifier 3 ispresent on the route of the optical signal, the inline-amplifier 3 mayalso perform power control on the optical signal.

In the case where the precision of the power control in the WSS section100 is sufficiently high, the gain of the post-amplifier 102 ismaintained at a certain level, and the pre-amplifier 101 and theinline-amplifier 3 may be controlled to have gains according to thetransmission loss. Although the power control is performed based on thebandwidth BWi in this example, the power control may be performed basedon the bandwidth BWi and the baud rate.

Next, the network management device 8 is described.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of the networkmanagement device 8. The network management device 8 includes a CPU 80,a read only memory (ROM) 81, a random access memory (RAM) 82, a harddisk drive (HDD) 83, a communication port 84, an input device 85, andoutput device 86. The CPU 80 is connected to the ROM 81, the RAM 82, theHDD 83, the communication port 84, the input device 85, and the outputdevice 86 via a bus 89 such that signals may be inputted and outputtedinto and from each other.

The ROM 81 stores programs for driving the CPU 80. The RAM 82 functionsas a working memory for the CPU 80. The communication port 84 is, forexample, a wireless local area network (LAN) card or a network interfacecard (NIC) and communicates with each ROADM 1 via a LAN or the like.

The input device 85 is a device used to input information into the CPU80. The input device 85 may be, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, atouch panel, or the like. The input device 85 outputs the inputtedinformation to the CPU 80 via the bus 89.

The output device 86 is a device used to output information from the CPU80. The output device 86 may be, for example, a display, a touch panel,a printer, or the like. The output device 86 acquires and outputsinformation from the CPU 80 via the bus 89.

Once reading the programs from the ROM 81, the CPU 80 forms a routedetermination section 800, a transmission-mode selection section 801,and a setting notification section 802, as functions. The HDD 83 alsostores a network configuration database (NW configuration DB) 830 and atransmission mode database (transmission mode DB) 831. The NWconfiguration DB 830 and the transmission mode DB 831 are written in theHDD 83 from the input device 85 via the CPU 80, for example.

In the NW configuration DB 830, information indicating the connectionconfiguration, the vacant channel, and the like between nodes eachequipped with the ROADM 1 has been registered. The route determinationsection 800 determines the route of the optical signal based on the NWconfiguration DB 830 in response to an optical path setting requestinputted by the user from the input device 85. In the optical pathsetting request, designated are the start node and the end node of theroute for the optical signal, and the transmission rate of the opticalsignal, that is, the bit rate, and the route determination section 800generates route information indicating the relay node through which anoptical signal passes, the channels CH #1 to CH # m, and the like. Theroute determination section 800 notifies the transmission-mode selectionsection 801 of the route information.

In the transmission mode DB 831, the transmission rate (Gbps), themodulation scheme, the baud rate (Gbaud), and the bandwidth (GHz) ofeach of transmission modes #1 to #9 have been registered. In thetransmission mode DB 831, one or more combinations of modulation schemesand baud rates to achieve transmission rates of 100 (Gbps), 200 (Gbps),and 400 (Gbps) have been registered as an example. The bandwidth is thebandwidth BWi to be set in the ROADM 1 and a value according to the baudrate in the transmission mode DB 831 has been registered. Although onlyone bandwidth is registered in the transmission mode DB 831 of thisexample, a plurality of candidates for the bandwidth may be registered.

The transmission-mode selection section 801 selects, from thetransmission mode DB 831, a transmission mode according to thetransmission rate requested by the user. For example, in the case wherethe transmission rate of 200 (Gbps) is requested, the transmission-modeselection section 801 selects transmission modes #2 to #4.

Moreover, the transmission-mode selection section 801 selects thetransmission mode that satisfies a predetermined condition regarding thetransmission quality and that has the smallest baud rate in therequested transmission rate of 200 (Gbps) from among transmission modesaccording to the transmission rate. In the case of the transmissionmodes #2 to #4, the priority of the transmission mode #2 is highest andthe priority of the transmission mode #4 is lowest.

The transmission-mode selection section 801 sets priorities on thetransmission modes in ascending order of baud rates and determines thetransmission qualities of the respective transmission modes indescending order of the priorities. The transmission-mode selectionsection 801 notifies the setting notification section 802 of thetransmission mode and the route information the transmission-modeselection section 801 has finally selected. The transmission-modeselection section 801 is an example of a selection section.

The setting notification section 802 is an example of a notificationsection and notifies the ROADMs 1 of information on the various settingsvia the communication port 84. The setting notification section 802notifies the ROADMs 1 at the start node and the end node on the route ofthe optical signal of the modulation scheme, the baud rate, and thebandwidth of the selected transmission mode. The setting notificationsection 802 also notifies the ROADM 1 at the relay node and theinline-amplifier 3 on the route of the optical signal of the bandwidthof the selected transmission mode. The setting notification section 802also notifies the ROADMs 1 at the start node and the end node on theroute of the optical signal of the switch information based on the routeinformation. In this way, each ROADM 1 executes the setting of thetransmission mode according to the optical path requested by the user.

Next, the processing by the network management device 8 is described.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the processing by thenetwork management device 8. The route determination section 800determines whether or not there is an optical path setting request onthe input device 85 (Step St1). If there is no setting request (No inStep St1), the processing of the Step St1 is executed again.

If there is a setting request (Yes in Step St1), the route determinationsection 800 determines the route of the optical signal (Step St2). Next,the transmission-mode selection section 801 selects, from thetransmission mode DB 831, the transmission mode according to thetransmission rate requested by the user (Step St3). Next, thetransmission-mode selection section 801 sets priorities on the selectedtransmission modes in ascending order of baud rates (Step St4).

Next, the transmission-mode selection section 801 selects one of thetransmission modes in accordance with the order of priorities (StepSt5). Next, the transmission-mode selection section 801 calculates theOSNR margin of the optical signal in accordance with the modulationscheme and the baud rate of the selected transmission mode (Step St6).Note that the process of calculating the OSNR margin is described later.

Next, the transmission-mode selection section 801 determines whether ornot the OSNR margin is larger than a threshold TH as an example of thecondition on the transmission quality of optical signals (Step St7). Ifthe OSNR margin is smaller than or equal to the threshold TH (No in StepSt7), the transmission mode having the next highest priority after theselected transmission mode is selected (Step St5), and the processes ofStep St6 and the following Steps are executed again.

If the OSNR margin is larger than the threshold TH (Yes in Step St7),the setting notification section 802 notifies the ROADMs 1 and the likeof the switch information, and the modulation scheme, the baud rate, andthe bandwidth of the selected transmission mode (Step St8). In this way,the network management device 8 performs the processing.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the process ofcalculating an OSNR margin. This process is executed in Step St6.

The transmission-mode selection section 801 estimates the received OSNRof the optical signal (Step St11). At this time, the transmission-modeselection section 801 calculates the power Pout of the optical signaloutputted from each of the pre-amplifier 101 and the post-amplifier 102for each bandwidth in accordance with the above-described formula (2)for example, and estimates the received OSNR using the power Pout. Inthe case where the inline-amplifier 3 is present on the route of theoptical signal, the transmission-mode selection section 801 calculatesthe power Pout of the optical signal outputted from the inline-amplifier3 like the pre-amplifier 101 and the post-amplifier 102 in accordancewith the bandwidth, and then estimates the received OSNR.

Next, the transmission-mode selection section 801 estimates thetransmission penalty (the amount of degradation) of the optical signalfrom the modulation scheme, the baud rate, and the bandwidth of theselected transmission mode (Step St12). Next, the transmission-modeselection section 801 estimates the OSNR tolerance of the receiver 12from the modulation scheme, the baud rate, and the bandwidth of theselected transmission mode (Step St13).

Next, the transmission-mode selection section 801 calculates the OSNRmargin from the received OSNR, the transmission penalty, and the OSNRtolerance (Step St14). The OSNR margin is calculated, for example, bysubtracting the transmission penalty and the OSNR tolerance from thereceived OSNR. In this way, the OSNR margin is calculated.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of determination on acondition on a transmission quality based on the OSNR margin. Thisexample discusses the case where transmission modes #2 to #4 accordingto the transmission rate of 200 (GHz) are selected from the transmissionmode DB 831 in Step St3. The threshold TH in Step St7 is supposed to be0 (dB) as an example.

The transmission mode #2 having the smallest baud rate has the highestpriority. The OSNR margin of the transmission mode #2 is −10 (dB)(=17−9−18), which is smaller than the threshold TH. Hence, the conditionon the transmission quality is not satisfied (see “x”).

The OSNR margin of the transmission mode #3 is 0.5 (dB) (=18−3−14.5),which is larger than the threshold TH. Hence, the condition on thetransmission quality is satisfied (see “∘”).

The OSNR margin of the transmission mode #4 is 4.8 (dB) (=18.8−1−13),which is larger than the threshold TH. Hence, the condition on thetransmission quality is satisfied (see “∘”).

Although both transmission modes #3 and #4 satisfy the condition on thetransmission quality, the transmission mode #3 has a higher prioritythan that of the transmission mode #4. For this reason, in the ROADM 1,the transmission mode #2 which satisfies the condition on thetransmission quality and has the smallest baud rate among thetransmission modes #2 to #4 is eventually selected and set in the ROADM1.

The smaller the baud rate, the smaller the bandwidth in the transmissionmode DB 831. For this reason, the smallest bandwidth BWi is set in theROADM 1. The WSS control section 105 of the ROADM 1 allocates thebandwidth BWi corresponding to the baud rate to the optical signal inthe setting by the wavelength multiplexer 24, the number of signals (thenumber of wavelengths) which the ROADM 1 is capable of transmittingincreases (see FIG. 5).

Next, the processing by the ROADM 1 is described.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the processing by theROADM 1. This processing is an example of the transmission method by theROADM 1. In the transmitter 11 and the receiver 12, the setting sections110 and 120 set the modulation scheme and the baud rate provided by thenetwork management device 8 in the DSPs 112 and 122 (Step St21).

Next, the WSS control section 105 sets the branch switch 21 and theinsertion switch 22 based on the switch information provided by thenetwork management device 8 (Step St22). Next, the WSS control section105 sets the bandwidth BWi for each of the channels CH #1 to CH # m inthe wavelength multiplexer 24 (Step St23). In other words, the WSScontrol section 105 allocates the wavelength band to each of the opticalsignals which are to be wavelength-multiplexed into thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm.

Next, the WSS control section 105 sets the amount of attenuationaccording to the bandwidth BWi in the VOA 23 (Step St24). In otherwords, the WSS control section 105 controls the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm in accordance with thewavelength band allocated to each of the optical signals.

Next, the amplifier control section 309 sets the gain according to thebandwidth BWi in the optical amplification section 300 (Step St25). Inother words, the amplifier control section 309 controls the power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm in accordance with thewavelength band allocated to each of the optical signals.

Next, the ROADM 1 starts to transmit the optical signal (Step St26). Inthis way, the WSS section 100 wavelength-multiplexes the optical signalsto generate the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm, and thepost-amplifier 102 amplifies the wavelength-multiplexed optical signalSm and outputs the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm to thetransmission path. In this way, the ROADM 1 performs the processing.

According to this example, it is possible to extend the transmissiondistance of optical signals.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of change in transmissiondistance relative to a transmission rate of an optical signal. The solidline indicates change in transmission distance in the case of thisexample, the thin dotted line indicates change in transmission distancein the case of a first comparative example, and the thick dotted lineindicates change in transmission distance in the case of a secondcomparative example.

In the first comparative example, the transmission rate is changed byswitching the modulation scheme while the baud rate is fixed. For thisreason, the higher the modulation level of the modulation scheme, theshorter the transmission distance.

In the second comparative example, the transmission rate is changed bychanging the baud rate while the modulation scheme is fixed. Forexample, when the modulation scheme is supposed to be the QPSK, thetransmission rate of 100 (Gbps) gives a baud rate of 33 (Gbaud), thetransmission rate of 200 (Gbps) gives a baud rate of 66 (Gbaud), and thetransmission rate of 400 (Gbps) gives a baud rate of 132 (Gbaud).

However, in the case where the baud rate is increased, the receptionperformance of the receiver 12 fails to keep up with the increase inbaud rate, lowering the OSNR tolerance and hence shortening thetransmission distance, though less influential than the case ofincreasing the modulation level of the modulation scheme like the firstcomparative example.

In the example, the transmission rate is changed by changing the baudrate while the modulation scheme is fixed like the second comparativeexample. However, in the example, since the power of the optical signalchanges based on the bandwidth BWi (50 (GHz), 75 (GHz), 150 (GHz))according to the baud rate, the OSNR tolerance is improved and thetransmission distance is extended as compared to the second comparativeexample. In other words, since the bandwidth BWi increases as the baudrate increases, the power of the optical signal increases along with thebandwidth BWi, so that the received OSNR is improved and thetransmission distance is extended.

Hence, according to the example, it is possible to transmit opticalsignals for a fixed transmission distance D regardless of thetransmission rate in the case where the modulation scheme is fixed.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of changes in transmissiondistance and number of wavelengths relative to a baud rate of an opticalsignal in the case where the transmission rate is fixed to 200 (Gbps).The graph of Sign Ge indicates changes in transmission distance andnumber of wavelengths in the case of this example and the graph of SignGd indicates changes in transmission distance and number of wavelengthsin the case of the comparative example. In the comparative example, thecontrol of the power of optical signals according to the bandwidth BWiis not performed unlike this example. Note that the change in number ofwavelengths is the same between this example and the comparativeexample.

As an example, the baud rate changes stepwise to 33 (Gbaud), to 44(Gbaud), and to 66 (Gbaud), and along with this, the modulation schemeis switched stepwise to 16QAM, to 8QAM, and to QPSK. The number ofwavelengths also changes stepwise in accordance with the change inbandwidth BWi (50 (GHz), 62.5 (GHz), and 75 (GHz)) along with the changein baud rate.

As understood from a comparison between the graph of Sign Gd and thegraph of Sign Ge, in the case where the baud rate is fixed, thetransmission distance of the example is longer than the transmissiondistance of the comparative example due to the control of the power ofthe optical signal. For example, to transmit an optical signal for afixed transmission distance D, the baud rate and the number ofwavelengths have to be set to 66 (Gbaud) and 64 waves, respectively (seePa and Pb) in the case of the comparative example; however, the baudrate and the number of wavelengths may be set to 44 (Gbaud) and 76waves, respectively (see Pa′ and Pb′) in the case of the embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of changes in transmissiondistance and number of wavelengths relative to the baud rate of anoptical signal in the case where the transmission rate is fixed to 400(Gbps). The graph of Sign Gg indicates changes in transmission distanceand number of wavelengths in the case of this example and the graph ofSign Gf indicates changes in transmission distance and number ofwavelengths in the case of the comparative example. In the comparativeexample, the control of the power of optical signals according to thebandwidth BWi is not performed unlike this example. Note that the changein number of wavelengths is the same between this example and thecomparative example.

As an example, the baud rate changes stepwise to 44 (Gbaud), to 66(Gbaud), to 88 (Gbaud), and to 132 (Gbaud), and along with this, themodulation scheme is switched stepwise to 64QAM, to 16QAM, to 8QAM, andto QPSK. The number of wavelengths also changes stepwise in accordancewith the change in bandwidth BWi (62.5 (GHz), 75 (GHz), 100 (GHz), and150 (GHz)) along with the change in baud rate.

As understood from a comparison between the graph of Sign Gf and thegraph of Sign Gg, in the case where the baud rate is fixed, thetransmission distance of the example is longer than the transmissiondistance of the comparative example due to the control of the power ofthe optical signal. For example, to transmit an optical signal for afixed transmission distance D, the baud rate and the number ofwavelengths have to be set to 132 (Gbaud) and 32 waves, respectively(see Pc and Pd) in the case of the comparative example; however, thebaud rate and the number of wavelengths may be set to 88 (Gbaud) and 48waves, respectively (see Pc′ and Pd′) in the case of the example.

Hence, when the transmission distance D is fixed, the number ofwavelengths increases in the case of the example as compared to thecomparative example, which also increases the transmission capacity ofthe wavelength-multiplexed optical signal Sm.

The above-described embodiment is a preferred embodiment of thedisclosure. However, the embodiment is not limited to this, variousmodification may be made without departing from the scope of thedisclosure.

All examples and conditional language provided herein are intended forthe pedagogical purposes of aiding the reader in understanding theinvention and the concepts contributed by the inventor to further theart, and are not to be construed as limitations to such specificallyrecited examples and conditions, nor does the organization of suchexamples in the specification relate to a showing of the superiority andinferiority of the invention. Although one or more embodiments of thepresent invention have been described in detail, it should be understoodthat the various changes, substitutions, and alterations could be madehereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A transmission device comprising: a wavelengthmultiplexer that wavelength-multiplexes a plurality of optical signalshaving different wavelengths to generate a wavelength-multiplexedoptical signal; an amplifier that outputs the wavelength-multiplexedoptical signal to a transmission path; and a first processor thatallocates wavelength bands to the plurality of optical signals to bewavelength-multiplexed into the wavelength-multiplexed optical signaland controls power of the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal inaccordance with the wavelength bands allocated to the plurality ofoptical signals.
 2. The transmission device according to claim 1,wherein the wavelength multiplexer includes a plurality of attenuatorsthat respectively attenuate the plurality of optical signals to bewavelength-multiplexed into the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal,and the first processor controls amounts of attenuation of the pluralityof attenuators in accordance with the wavelength bands allocated to theplurality of optical signals, respectively.
 3. The transmission deviceaccording to claim 2, wherein the first processor controls the amountsof attenuation of the plurality of attenuators such that powers of theplurality of optical signals to be outputted from the plurality ofattenuators increase in proportion to the wavelength bands allocated tothe plurality of optical signals, respectively.
 4. The transmissiondevice according to claim 2, further comprising: a first memory thatstores the wavelength bands and powers of the plurality of opticalsignals in association with each other, wherein the first processoracquires, from the first memory, powers corresponding to the wavelengthbands allocated to the plurality of optical signals, and controls theamounts of attenuation of the plurality of attenuators such that thepowers of the plurality of optical signals approximate the acquiredpowers, respectively.
 5. The transmission device according to claim 1,wherein the amplifier includes: an amplification section that amplifiesthe wavelength-multiplexed optical signal; and a second processor thatcontrols gain of the amplification section in accordance with thewavelength bands allocated to the plurality of optical signals.
 6. Thetransmission device according to claim 5, wherein the second processorcontrols the gain of the amplification section such that powers of theplurality of optical signals contained in the wavelength-multiplexedoptical signal to be outputted from the amplification section increasein proportion to the wavelength bands allocated to the plurality ofoptical signals.
 7. The transmission device according to claim 5,wherein the amplifier includes a second memory that stores thewavelength bands and powers of the plurality of optical signals inassociation with each other, and the second processor acquires, from thesecond memory, powers corresponding to the wavelength bands allocated tothe plurality of optical signals, and controls the gain of theamplification section such that the power of the wavelength-multiplexedoptical signal approximates a total sum of the acquired powers.
 8. Thetransmission device according to claim 1, further comprising: atransmitter that transmits one of the plurality of optical signals tothe wavelength multiplexer; and a third processor that sets, in thetransmitter, a multi-level modulation scheme and a baud rate of the oneof the plurality of optical signals, wherein the first processorallocates a wavelength band corresponding to the baud rate to the one ofthe plurality of optical signals.
 9. A transmission system comprising: atransmission device that transmits a plurality of optical signals havingdifferent wavelengths; and a management device that manages thetransmission device, wherein the management device includes: a fourthprocessor that selects, from a plurality of sets of multi-levelmodulation schemes and baud rates corresponding to a transmission rateof one of the plurality of optical signals, one set of a multi-levelmodulation scheme and a baud rate which satisfies a condition on atransmission quality of the optical signal and the baud rate of which issmallest, and that notifies the transmission device of the one set ofthe multi-level modulation scheme and the baud rate, the transmissiondevice includes: a wavelength multiplexer that wavelength-multiplexesthe plurality of optical signals to generate a wavelength-multiplexedoptical signal; a transmitter that transmits the optical signals to thewavelength multiplexer in accordance with the one set of the multi-levelmodulation scheme and the baud rate; an amplifier that outputs thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal to a transmission path; and afirst processor that allocates wavelength bands corresponding to thebaud rate to the plurality of optical signals to bewavelength-multiplexed into the wavelength-multiplexed optical signaland controls power of the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal inaccordance with the wavelength bands allocated to the plurality ofoptical signals, and the first processor allocates wavelength bandscorresponding to the baud rate to the optical signals.
 10. Thetransmission system according to claim 9, wherein the wavelengthmultiplexer includes a plurality of attenuators that respectivelyattenuate the plurality of optical signals to be wavelength-multiplexedinto the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal, and the first processorcontrols amounts of attenuation of the plurality of attenuators inaccordance with the wavelength bands allocated to the plurality ofoptical signals, respectively.
 11. The transmission system according toclaim 10, wherein the first processor controls the amounts ofattenuation of the plurality of attenuators such that powers of theplurality of optical signals to be outputted from the plurality ofattenuators increase in proportion to the wavelength bands allocated tothe plurality of optical signals, respectively.
 12. The transmissionsystem according to claim 10, further comprising: a first memory thatstores the wavelength bands and powers of the plurality of opticalsignals in association with each other, wherein the first processoracquires, from the first memory, powers corresponding to the wavelengthbands allocated to the plurality of optical signals, and controls theamounts of attenuation of the plurality of attenuators such that thepowers of the plurality of optical signals approximate the acquiredpowers, respectively.
 13. The transmission system according to claim 9,wherein the amplifier includes: an amplification section that amplifiesthe wavelength-multiplexed optical signal; and a second processor thatcontrols gain of the amplification section in accordance with thewavelength bands allocated to the plurality of optical signals.
 14. Thetransmission system according to claim 13, wherein the second processorcontrols the gain of the amplification section such that powers of theplurality of optical signals contained in the wavelength-multiplexedoptical signal to be outputted from the amplification section increasein proportion to the wavelength bands allocated to the plurality ofoptical signals.
 15. The transmission system according to claim 13,wherein the amplifier includes a second memory that stores thewavelength bands and powers of the plurality of optical signals inassociation with each other, and the second processor acquires, from thesecond memory, powers corresponding to the wavelength bands allocated tothe plurality of optical signals, and controls the gain of theamplification section such that the power of the wavelength-multiplexedoptical signal approximates a total sum of the acquired powers.
 16. Thetransmission system according to claim 9, further comprising: atransmitter that transmits one of the plurality of optical signals tothe wavelength multiplexer; and a third processor that sets, in thetransmitter, a multi-level modulation scheme and a baud rate of the oneof the plurality of optical signals, wherein the first processorallocates a wavelength band corresponding to the baud rate to the one ofthe plurality of optical signals.
 17. A transmission method comprising:wavelength-multiplexing a plurality of optical signals having differentwavelengths to generate a wavelength-multiplexed optical signal;outputting the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal to a transmissionpath; allocating wavelength bands to the plurality of optical signals tobe wavelength-multiplexed into the wavelength-multiplexed opticalsignal, respectively; and controlling power of thewavelength-multiplexed optical signal in accordance with the wavelengthbands allocated to the plurality of optical signals, respectively. 18.The transmission method according to claim 17, further comprising:attenuating the plurality of optical signals to bewavelength-multiplexed into the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal bymeans of a plurality of attenuators, respectively; and controllingamounts of attenuation of the plurality of attenuators in accordancewith the wavelength bands allocated to the plurality of optical signals,respectively.
 19. The transmission method according to claim 17, furthercomprising: amplifying the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal andoutputting the wavelength-multiplexed optical signal to the transmissionpath by means of an amplification section, and controlling gain of theamplification section in accordance with the wavelength bands allocatedto the plurality of optical signals.
 20. The transmission methodaccording to claim 17, further comprising: transmitting one of theplurality of optical signals from a transmitter; setting, in thetransmitter, a multi-level modulation scheme and a baud rate of the oneof the plurality of optical signals; and allocating a wavelength bandcorresponding to the baud rate to the one of the plurality of opticalsignals.